• 存活：邻居为2或3个活细胞时，该细胞存活
• 死亡：邻居少于2个（孤独）或多于3个（拥挤）时死亡
• 新生：死细胞恰好有3个邻居时复活

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

class GameOfLife:
    """康威生命游戏 (Conway's Game of Life)"""
    
    def __init__(self, size=50, random_init=True):
        """
        初始化生命游戏
        
        参数:
            size: 网格大小
            random_init: 是否随机初始化
        """
        self.size = size
        self.grid = np.zeros((size, size), dtype=int)
        self.generation = 0
        
        if random_init:
            # 30%概率生成活细胞
            self.grid = np.random.choice([0, 1], size=(size, size), p=[0.7, 0.3])
    
    def count_neighbors(self, i, j):
        """计算指定位置的邻居数量（8个方向）"""
        total = 0
        for di in [-1, 0, 1]:
            for dj in [-1, 0, 1]:
                if di == 0 and dj == 0:
                    continue
                # 使用模运算实现环形边界
                ni, nj = (i + di) % self.size, (j + dj) % self.size
                total += self.grid[ni, nj]
        return total
    
    def step(self):
        """演进一代"""
        new_grid = np.zeros_like(self.grid)
        
        for i in range(self.size):
            for j in range(self.size):
                neighbors = self.count_neighbors(i, j)
                
                if self.grid[i, j] == 1:
                    # 规则1 & 2: 活细胞
                    new_grid[i, j] = 1 if neighbors in [2, 3] else 0
                else:
                    # 规则3: 死细胞复活
                    new_grid[i, j] = 1 if neighbors == 3 else 0
        
        self.grid = new_grid
        self.generation += 1
    
    def add_pattern(self, pattern, x, y):
        """在指定位置添加图案"""
        h, w = pattern.shape
        self.grid[x:x+h, y:y+w] = pattern
    
    def get_population(self):
        """获取当前活细胞数量"""
        return np.sum(self.grid)


# ============ 使用示例 ============

# 1. 创建游戏实例
game = GameOfLife(size=100, random_init=True)

# 2. 添加经典图案
# 滑翔机 (Glider)
glider = np.array([
    [0, 1, 0],
    [0, 0, 1],
    [1, 1, 1]
])
game.add_pattern(glider, 10, 10)

# 3. 创建可视化
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 10))
img = ax.imshow(game.grid, cmap='Blues', interpolation='nearest')
ax.set_title('Conway\'s Game of Life')
plt.axis('off')

# 4. 动画更新函数
def update(frame):
    game.step()
    img.set_array(game.grid)
    ax.set_title(f'Generation: {game.generation}, Population: {game.get_population()}')
    return [img]

# 5. 运行动画
anim = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=200, interval=100, blit=True)
plt.show()


# ============ 命令行版本（无GUI） ============

def run_console_version():
    """命令行版本的生命游戏"""
    import os
    import time
    
    game = GameOfLife(size=20, random_init=True)
    
    for generation in range(100):
        # 清屏
        os.system('cls' if os.name == 'nt' else 'clear')
        
        # 打印当前状态
        print(f"Generation: {generation}")
        print(f"Population: {game.get_population()}")
        print("-" * 40)
        
        for row in game.grid:
            print(''.join(['■ ' if cell else '□ ' for cell in row]))
        
        game.step()
        time.sleep(0.5)

# 取消注释以运行命令行版本
# run_console_version()